Occhiata is thrilled to bring Giacomo Puccini's Turandot to schools for our 2015-16 Program (Press Release). This page includes resources for students, teachers, parents and anyone interested in the: "Icy, Firey World," of Turandot... |
MENU ITEM | DESCRIPTIONS |
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Read a summary of the opera's story. Synopsis is provided in English and Spanish. |
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We believe in making the arts accessible and engaging. Its more than just opera. Check out our dynamic interactive presentations. This is how we to draw students into a whole new world of music, story, and reflection. |
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We know you will agree that the music of the opera is beautiful. We've currated a collection of videos of some of the key musical moments in the opera. Be sure to at least reaquaint yourself with the story by reading the synposis. Better yet as you listen to the music pieces find the words in the libretto (the script) and see how the music and words work together. |
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Composer & History |
Read about the opera's composer Giacomo Puccini and some history about the opera.
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Occhiata's Videos |
We produce two special videos that are part of our in-school presentation. Be sure to check them out.
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Careers in the Performing Arts | Explore career opportunities in opera. You'll be amazed at how many different kinds of jobs and skills are needed in the performing arts. |
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Synopsis of TuRANDOT
ACT I
China, in ancient times. Outside the Imperial Palace a mandarin reads an edict to the crowd: any prince seeking to marry Princess Turandot must answer three riddles. If he fails, he will die. The most recent suitor, the Prince of Persia, is to be executed at the moon’s rising. Among the onlookers are the slave girl Liù, her aged master, and the young Calàf, who recognizes the old man as his long-lost father, Timur, vanquished King of Tartary. Only Liù has remained faithful to him, and when Calàf asks her why she replies that once, long ago, Calàf smiled at her. The mob cries for blood but greets the rising moon with a sudden fearful silence. When the Prince of Persia is led to his execution, the crowd calls upon the princess to spare him. Turandot appears and wordlessly orders the execution to proceed. Transfixed by the beauty of the unattainable princess, Calàf decides to win her, to the horror of Liù and Timur. Turandot’s three ministers, Ping, Pang, and Pong, also try to discourage him, but Calàf is unmoved. He comforts Liù, then strikes the gong that announces a new suitor.
ACT II
Inside the palace, Ping, Pang, and Pong lament Turandot’s bloody reign, hoping that love will conquer her and restore peace. Their thoughts wander to their peaceful country homes, but the noise of the crowd gathering to witness the riddle challenge calls them back to reality.
Before the assembled court, the old emperor asks Calàf to reconsider, but he will not be dissuaded. Turandot appears. She recounts the story of her beautiful ancestor, Princess Lou-Ling, who was abducted and killed by a conquering prince. In revenge, she has turned against men and determined that none shall ever possess her. She poses her first question to Calàf: What is born each night and dies each dawn? “Hope,” Calàf answers, correctly. Turandot continues: What flickers red and warm like a flame, yet is not a flame? “Blood,” Calàf replies after a moment’s thought. Shaken, Turandot delivers the third riddle: What is like ice but burns? Tense silence prevails until Calàf triumphantly cries, “Turandot!” The crowd erupts in joy, and the princess vainly begs her father not to give her to the stranger. Hoping to win her love, Calàf offers Turandot a challenge of his own: if she can learn his name by dawn, he will forfeit his life.
ACT III
At night in the Imperial Gardens, Calàf hears a proclamation: on pain of death no one in Peking shall sleep until Turandot learns the stranger’s name. Calàf is certain of his victory, but Ping, Pang, and Pong try to bribe him to leave the city. As the fearful mob threatens him to learn his name, soldiers drag in Liù and Timur. Calàf tries to convince the crowd that neither of them knows his secret. When Turandot appears, commanding Timur to speak, Liù replies that she alone knows the stranger’s identity and will never reveal it. She is tortured but remains silent. Impressed by her fortitude, Turandot asks Liù’s secret. It is love, she replies. When the soldiers intensify the torture, Liù tells Turandot that she, too, will know the joys of love. Then she snatches a dagger and kills herself. The crowd forms a funeral procession and the body is taken away. Turandot remains alone to confront Calàf, who impetuously kisses her. Knowing emotion for the first time, Turandot weeps. Calàf, now sure of winning her, reveals his identity.
Once again before the emperor’s throne, Turandot declares she knows the stranger’s name: it is Love.
Acto I
Cuadro I
En la primera escena el pueblo de Pekín escucha la proclama de uno de los mandarines del emperador ("Popolo di Pechino..."), por la que hace saber que la princesa se casará con aquel príncipe que responda correctamente los tres acertijos impuestos por su majestad. De no hacerlo así, el pretendiente morirá. Paso seguido, se comunica que el Príncipe de Persia ha fallado; por lo tanto, morirá al salir la luna. La gente acude en masa a tal acto. Llega entonces a la ciudad un anciano ciego, acompañado por una mujer que lo guía. Entre la multitud, el ciego cae al suelo y es recogido por otro desconocido, que inmediatamente le reconoce como su padre: se revela entonces que el ciego es en realidad Timur, rey de los tártaros, quien, tras perder la batalla, fue exiliado junto a una esclava, Liú, que le sirve de guía y mendiga por él. El desconocido que le recoge no es otro que Calaf (cuyo nombre se descubre al final de la opera, conociéndose a lo largo de ella como "el ignoto"), el príncipe tártaro, quien, ante el gesto de la esclava, pregunta por qué tan noble acto, y ella responde tímidamente que porque "un día, en palacio, usted me sonrió".
El verdugo Pu-Tin-Pao aparece ante el clamor del pueblo, que canta sobre la sangre derramada en el reino de Turandot, la princesa. Todo es jolgorio hasta que aparece el príncipe de Persia, joven apuesto y sereno, y el pueblo enmudece de compasión; enseguida piden piedad por su vida ("O giovanotto! Grazia, grazia..."). El desconocido príncipe que había ayudado a su padre en las calles observa con horror el espectáculo, y se une al pueblo despreciando tan cruel acto. Pero es allí cuando hace su aparición la princesa, quien, con un gesto inmisericorde, ordena al verdugo que prosiga con la ejecución, y vuelve a sus aposentos. El príncipe de misterioso origen cae completamente cegado ante la belleza de la princesa ("O divina bellezza! O meraviglia!"), de tal forma que decide quedarse allí y, sin escuchar las súplicas de su padre y de la esclava para entrar en razón, decide probar su suerte para conquistar el corazón de la princesa. Cuando se dispone a golpear el gong tres veces para entrar a la prueba, tres ministros del emperador, Ping, Pang y Pong, le cortan el paso para intentar convencerlo de que no se arriesgue por algo así, ya que, de todas formas, Turandot es solo una mujer y, siendo él tan poderoso, podría conseguir mujeres a montones.
En ese momento, algunas cortesanas aparecen pidiendo silencio. Liú, la esclava, ruega otra vez al príncipe que desista, en uno de los momentos más dramáticos y cautivadores del primer acto, un aria que requiere un tono soprano muy cuidado en su modulación y ejecución ("Signore ascolta"). Pero el príncipe le dice que ya es tarde ("Non piangere Liù), y que lo hará de todas formas, por lo que le pide que acompañe a su padre antes de dirigirse al gong gigante montado en el escenario, que golpea tres veces (uno de los momentos más dramáticos de la ópera).
Acto II
Cuadro I
Cerca del palacio del Emperador
Los tres ministros, Ping, Pang y Pong, narran sus desventuras y las situaciones por las que han tenido que pasar por el capricho de la princesa, en un acto más liviano para el espectador. Hacen un repaso de los distintos pretendientes que la princesa ha tenido y los tres cantan para finalizar, poder por fin volver un poco a sus hogares para descansar, tras un final feliz con casamiento y poder lograr así un poco de paz para China. Desde el palacio les anuncian que se presenten para el enésimo pretendiente, lo que nos lleva al siguiente cuadro.
Cuadro II
Palacio del Emperador
Llegan los ministros, y los guardias y cortesanas se aprestan a la llegada del emperador, quien preside la ceremonia, aclamado por el pueblo. Él mismo intenta advertir y detener al príncipe, deseando querer parar con el baño de sangre y no queriendo "cargar con el peso de la joven vida" por las pruebas pero recibe la negativa del solicitante. El mandarín lee nuevamente la ley impuesta al perdedor, quien deberá morir al fallar.
Turandot aparece en escena y explica el por qué de su fría actitud frente a sus pretendientes ("In questa reggia..."). Una de sus antepasadas, la princesa Lou-Ling, fue violada por un extranjero y dejada por muerta. Ella desea vengarla entonces, imponiendo su prueba mortal a todos los príncipes que vienen de distintos reinos para conquistarla. Luego, Turandot misma formula los enigmas. El primero es: "En la oscura noche vuela un fantasma iridiscente. Se eleva y despliega las alas sobre la negra e infinita humanidad. Todo el mundo lo invoca y todo el mundo lo implora, pero el fantasma desaparece con la aurora para renacer en el corazón.¡Y cada noche nace y cada día muere!". El príncipe piensa y acierta respondiendo: "la esperanza". Turandot prosigue: "Surge como una llama, y no es llama. Es a veces delirio. Es fiebre de ímpetu y ardor. La inercia lo torna en languidez. Si se pierde o mueres, se enfría. Si anhelas la conquista, se inflama. Tiene una voz, que escuchas palpitante, y del ocaso, el vivo resplandor", y la respuesta al segundo enigma es "la sangre". Finalmente, temblorosa y perdiendo la compostura, formula el tercer enigma: "Hielo que te inflama y con tu fuego aún más se hiela. Cándida y oscura. Si libre te quiere, te hace más esclavo. Si por esclavo te acepta, te hace rey". Al verlo dudar por varios instantes, Turandot ríe de la suerte del concursante. Éste, al observarla directamente a los ojos y contemplar su belleza, se reincorpora triunfante y responde: "Turandot". El consejo de mandarines acepta la respuesta como correcta y el reino se regocija, vitoreando al ganador. Entonces, ella clama a su padre por piedad para que no entregue a su hija en manos de este extranjero, pero el emperador contesta que la palabra fue dada. El príncipe, al ver la resistencia de la princesa le propone un nuevo acertijo: si ella adivina su nombre antes del alba, él morirá. ("Dimmi il mio nome e all'alba morirò..."). Ella, naturalmente, acepta la apuesta.
Acto III
Cuadro I
Noche. Jardines del Palacio
Turandot ordena que habrá pena de muerte a todo el mundo que sepa el nombre del príncipe y no lo diga. Los guardias recorren las calles entonces, pidiendo que nadie duerma en Pekín. El príncipe entonces canta el aria más famosa de la ópera, Nessun dorma (Nadie duerma) en la noche, siendo la pieza más destacada de la obra. Ping, Pang y Pong se presentan nuevamente intentando convencer al príncipe otra vez para que termine con esto, intentando ofrecerle mujeres y riquezas, pero él sigue firme en su decisión de conseguir lo que se propuso. Los guardias, entonces, encuentran a su padre, Timur, y a Liú, a quien amenazan de muerte para que revele el nombre del príncipe. Llegan la princesa y Ping, quienes, a través del verdugo, empiezan a torturarla, pero Liú, entonces, declara que ella sabe el nombre, pero se niega a declararlo incluso diciendo que pueden torturarla hasta el cansancio, pero ella no cederá. Se ejecuta entonces otra importante aria dentro de este acto, cargada de dramatismo romántico en donde Turandot pregunta a Liú el por qué de su fuerza interior para soportar tal dolor ("Chi posse tanta forza nel tuo cuore?"), a lo que la esclava responde que es amor ("Principessa, l'amore!"). Le brinda entonces, según sus palabras, su amor a su señor mediante el silencio del amor inconfeso, agregando que si ella le brinda su nombre, ella le dará su amor y ya no le quedará nada. Le advierte incluso a la princesa que ella también caerá rendida a su amor, y en un acto final de sacrificio por amor ("Tu che di gel sei cinta"), toma una de las armas de los guardias a su lado y se suicida. El coro de la gente de Pekín grita "Parla! Parla! Il nome!", mientras Liú muere en brazos del príncipe, manteniendo su palabra hasta el final. Su padre, Timur, se retira junto al cuerpo de Liú, quien es trasladado por los guardias a su morada final. Perturbado por el acontecimiento, el príncipe enfrenta a Turandot recriminándole su frialdad al derramar sangre inocente ("Principessa di morte, Principessa di gelo!") y agregando que su "hielo es una mentira". Tras una larga conversación, el príncipe logra besarla, quebrando la rígida actitud de la vengativa monarca, al punto de que acepta su derrota, pidiéndole que no la estreche entre sus brazos. Finalmente, el príncipe, con resignación revela su nombre: "Io son Kalaf, figlio di Timur" (Soy Calaf, hijo de Timur). Es el amanecer, y suenan las trompetas de palacio.
Cuadro II
En el Palacio
El Emperador se hace presente junto a toda su corte frente a su pueblo ("Diecimila anni al nostro Imperatore!"), para que su hija, la princesa Turandot revele el nombre del misterioso príncipe. Todos esperan expectantes la respuesta y cuando el momento llega, ella responde a su padre que conoce el nombre del extranjero "Il suo nome è ...Amor" (Su nombre es... amor). El pueblo estalla en alegría, exclamando:
Amor! O sole! Vita! Eternità! Luce del mondo e amore! Ride e canta nel sole l'infinità nostra felicità! Gloria a te! Gloria a te! Gloria! |
¡Amor! ¡Oh, sol! ¡Vida! ¡Eternidad! ¡Luz del mundo es el amor! ¡Ríe y canta bajo el sol nuestra infinita felicidad! ¡Gloria a ti! ¡Gloria a ti! ¡Gloria! |
La celebración se realiza dentro de un vibrante final, con todos los coros participantes de la obra cantando esta última estrofa juntos, brindando al espectador un desenlace de fuerte contenido emotivo.
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Click on the picture to the left or the link below to go to an external website to read the script of the opera.
Notice the economy of words - that is how just a few words are used to paint a vivid picture of these characters, their backgrounds and the action of the opera.
Notice how because the lines of the play are being sung we can hear the emotions of several characters at once.
In this opera Puccini uses the chrous to express the stoy's emotion and move the drama along.
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Giacomo Puccini
Italian composer Giacomo Puccini, born on December 22, 1858, started the operatic trend toward realism with his popular works, which are among the most often performed in opera history. But the fame and fortune that came with such successes as La Bohème, Madama Butterfly and Tosca were complicated by an often-troubled personal life. Puccini died of post-operative shock on November 29, 1924.
A Musical Inheritance
Giacomo Puccini was born on December 22, 1858, in Lucca, Italy, where since the 1730s his family had been tightly interwoven with the musical life of the city, providing five generations of organists and composers to the Cathedral of San Martino, Lucca’s religious heart. It was therefore taken for granted that Giacomo would carry on this legacy, succeeding his father, Michele, in the role first held by his great-great grandfather. However, in 1864 Michele passed away when Giacomo was just 5 years old, and so the position was held for him by the church in anticipation of his eventual coming of age.
But the young Giacomo was disinterested in music and was a generally poor student, and for a time it seemed that the Puccini musical dynasty would end with Michele. Giacomo’s mother, Albina, believed otherwise and found him a tutor at the local music school. His education was also subsidized by the city, and over time, Giacomo started to show progress. By the age of 14 he had become the church organist and was beginning to write his first musical compositions as well. But Puccini discovered his true calling in 1876, when he and one of his brothers walked nearly 20 miles to the nearby city of Pisa to attend a production of Giuseppe Verdi’s Aida. The experience planted in Puccini the seeds of what would become a long and lucrative career in opera.
From Milan to 'Manon'
Motivated by his newfound passion, Puccini threw himself into his studies and in 1880 gained admission to the Milan Conservatory, where he received instruction from noted composers. He graduated from the school in 1883, submitting the instrumental composition Capriccio sinfonico as his exit piece. His first attempt at opera came later that year, when he composed the one-act La villi for a local competition. Although it was snubbed by the judges, the work won itself a small group of admirers, who ultimately funded its production.
Premiering at the Teatro dal Verme in Milan in May 1884, La villi was well received by the audience. But more importantly, it caught the attention of the music publisher Giulio Ricordi, who acquired the rights to the piece and commissioned Puccini to compose a new opera for La Scala, one of the most important opera houses in the country. Performed there in 1889, Edgar was an utter failure. But Ricordi’s faith in Puccini’s talents remained unshakable, and he continued to support the composer financially as he set to work on his next composition.
Blaming the failure of Edgar on its weak libretto (the lyrical portion of an opera), Puccini set out to find a strong story on which to base his new work. He decided on an 18th-century French novel about a tragic love affair and collaborated with the librettists Guiseppe Giacosa and Luigi Illica on its adaption. Manon Lescaut premiered in Turin on February 2, 1893, to great acclaim. Before the year was out, it was performed at opera houses in Germany, Russia, Brazil and Argentina as well, and the resulting royalties paid the 35-year-old Puccini quite handsomely. Despite this overwhelming success, however, his best was still to come.
The Big Three
With their accessible melodies, exotic subject matter and realistic action, Puccini’s next three compositions are considered to be his most important; over time they would become the most widely performed in opera history. The result of another collaboration between Puccini, Giacosa and Illica, the four-act opera La Bohème was premiered in Turin on February 1, 1896, again to great public (if not critical) acclaim. In January 1900, Puccini’s next opera,Tosca, premiered in Rome and was also enthusiastically received by the audience, despite fears that its controversial subject matter (from the novel of the opera’s same name) would draw the public’s ire. Later that year, Puccini attended a production of the David Belasco play Madam Butterfly in New York City and decided that it would be the basis of his next opera. Several years later, on February 17, 1904, Madama Butterfly premiered at La Scala. Though initially criticized for being too long and too similar to Puccini’s other work, Butterfly was later split up into three shorter acts and became more popular in subsequent performances.
His fame widespread, Puccini spent the next few years traveling the world to attend productions of his operas to ensure that they met his high standards. He would continue to work on new compositions as well, but his often-complicated personal life would see to it that one would not be immediately forthcoming for some time.
Personal Scandals
The period between 1903 and 1910 proved to be one of the most difficult in Puccini’s life. After recovering from a near-fatal auto accident, on January 3, 1904, Puccini married a woman named Elvira Gemignani, with whom he had been having an illicit affair since 1884. (Gemignani had been married when she and Puccini started their liaisons.) The couple had been living in the small, quiet fishing village of Torre del Lago since 1891, but over the years, Elvira had grown increasingly unhappy, due to the numerous other women that Puccini became involved with.
Matters reached a dramatic apex worthy of one of Puccini’s operas when Elvira’s jealousy led her to accuse a servant girl named Doria Manfredi of having an affair with her husband, publicly threatening her and harassing her in the village. In 1909, the distraught Doria killed herself by ingesting poison. After a medical examination proved that she had been a virgin, her family brought charges of slander and persecution against Elvira.
Mortified by what Elvira had done, Puccini separated from her and sent her away to live in Milan. She was eventually tried, found guilty and sentenced to five months in prison. Ultimately though, Puccini intervened in the matter, taking Elvira back and paying a substantial sum to Doria’s family to convince them to drop the charges.
Fading Success, Failing Health
While dealing with the ongoing crises in his personal life, Puccini continued composing. On December 10, 1910, six years after his last opera, The Girl of the Golden West premiered at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. Though the initial production—which featured world-renowned tenorEnrico Caruso in the cast—was a success, the opera failed to achieve any lasting popularity, and over the course of the next decade, a string of relative disappointments followed.
In 1912, Puccini’s faithful supporter and business partner Guilio Ricordi passed away, and shortly thereafter, Puccini began work on a three-part opera (realistic, tragic and comedic) that Ricordi had always been against titled Il Trittico. Puccini then refocused his efforts when representatives from an Austrian opera house offered him a large sum to compose 10 pieces for an operetta. However, work on the project was soon complicated by their respective countries’ alliances during World War I, and for a time the compositions foundered. When La Rondine was finally performed in Monaco in 1918, it was moderately successful, but like its predecessor, it failed to make a lasting impact. The following year, Il Trittico debuted in New York City, but it too was quickly forgotten.
Seeking to achieve his former glory in the face of fading popularity, Puccini set out to write his masterwork in 1920, throwing all of his hopes and energies into the project, which he titled Turandot. But his ambitions would never be fully realized.
Coda
In 1923, Puccini complained of a recurring sore throat and sought medical advice. Though an initial consultation turned up nothing serious, during a subsequent examination he was diagnosed with throat cancer. As the cancer had by that point progressed beyond where it could be operated upon, Puccini traveled to Brussels in 1924 for an experimental radiation treatment. Too weak to endure the procedure, he died in the hospital seven days later, on November 29, 1924. At the time of his death, Puccini had become the most commercially successful opera composer of all time, worth the equivalent of an estimated $200 million.
After an initial burial in Milan, in 1926 his body was moved to his Torre del Lago estate, where a small chapel was constructed to hold his remains. An opera celebration called “Festival Puccini” is held in the town every year in honor of its most famous resident.
History of Turandot
Puccini was always a fastidious and deliberate composer, but the writing of Turandot was an especially drawn out process. The idea was originally presented to him in 1920, an Italian translation of a German version of an Italian play written by Carlo Gozzi. In the succeeding four years before his death, Puccini vacillated over the number of acts, whether or not he should turn his attention to something less serious, and absolutely fixated over the final love duet that he believed was the essential, earth-shattering culmination of the entire evening. Despite these circumstances, he poured himself into the work, writing to a friend in March 1924, “I have placed, in this opera, all my soul.”
Turandot premiered at La Scala in Milan on 25 April 1926, almost a year and a half after Puccini’s death. Puccini’s friend Arturo Toscanini, who had worked on the score with the composer during the last months of Puccini’s life, conducted the premiere. As is widely recorded, when the opera reached the last note written by Puccini, Toscanini ended the performance. What he said at the time has been variously reported, from the poetic “Here death triumphed over art” to the poigniant “For me, the work ends here.” An eyewitness quoted in a recent biography puts it somewhere between the two: “Here ends the opera, because at this point the maestro was dead.” The Alfano version was presented the following night.
source: http://www.theopera101.com/operas/turandot/
MUSIC VIDEOS OF TURANDOT
Here's a video of Turandot telling us her background story of how her ancestor over 1000 years ago
was tortured and killed by a man It is the reason she will never let any man possess her.
Here is a video of one of the most famous tenors of all time singing the ever popular Nessun Dorma.
Enjoy the video also includes Spanish subtitles for the lyrics.
And here is a video of the final moments of the opera with al of its grandeur.
This video is from the Metropolitan Opera House in New York and is the same production you will see.
By production we mean costumes, set, lightening, etc...
OCCHIATA'S VIDEOS
Here's a short Occhiata Productions original video with all the juicy details of the opera told from the perspective of the three Chinese Ministers (Ping, Pang & Pong) in Turandot's court:
And here's a one minute movie style trailer:
CAREERS IN THE ARTS
Did you know there are a wealth of careers in the arts? There are probably things you never thought of...because careers in the arts is not limited to people who like to draw and do art...you can be very technical...or hands on...For example, what about the people who build sets? Or the people who design lighting...or the sound engineers? Please take a minute and explore career options that might not only use your gifts and talents but enable you to make money whiole doing something that you really love!!
Be sure to click on the graphic below to check out a website with more information:
Source - Check out this website for more infomation:
http://www.studentartguide.com/articles/art-careers-list